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CalibreIn characteristics of an ammunition and the weapon, the designation of calibre is first of data.Diameter of the channel of a trunk, together with diameter of a bullet refers to as calibre. Diameter of a bullet for the cut weapon should correspond to diameter of the channel of a trunk, Measured on . But as in one countries in calibre it is considered distance between Fields, and in others - distance between нарезами it appears, that diameter of a bullet in one Cases exceeds the designated calibre, and - it is equal others to it. As an example can serve Calibres of pistols Макарова and the Browning. Both of a pistol, and also cartridges to them refer to 9-millimetric, but principles of measurement of calibres at them various. Therefore at- ковых designations of calibre the true sizes of their bullets and channels of trunks different. 9мм at pistol Makarova is a calibre of the weapon which in the USSR is measured on distance Between opposite fields, and diameter of a bullet in this case 9,2mm. At a browning 9mm - Diameter of a bullet, and diameter of the channel of the trunk, measured between fields is equal 8,8mm. In the majority of the countries the calibre is designated in millimeters. To the Great Britain, the USA and a number The countries it is designated in shares of inch (the 100-th in the USA and thousand in the Great Britain). The written designation of calibre looks as an integer with a point ahead. For example the calibre of 0,45 inches looks as .45 or .450. Far not always a designation of calibres, Expressed in shares of inch, it is possible to translate in millimeters proceeding from a parity 1дюйм = 25,4mm. Sometimes these designations are conditional and represent as though names concrete Cartridges. So, for example, the calibre .30 precisely corresponds 0,30 inches or 7,62mm, and .32 Symbol, it designates cartridges of calibre 7,65mm which 0,32 inches are not equal. Conditionally also a designation .38 or .380. In translation this designation corresponds 9,65mm, But bullets of such calibre are not present. The designation .38 and .380 belongs to cartridges of calibre 9mm. They posess a designation .357 which and in translation corresponds 9mm. But it is entered For a designation only especially powerful cartridge. By the way designations .38 and .380 too Are individual, they concern to cartridges of one calibre but different length. Thus Designations of calibres, except for that that they define diameter, sometimes have also others - they can inform function also data on length of a cartridge and its capacity. All over the world, irrespective of the fact which this or that adheres to system of measurement The country, foreign calibres it is accepted to designate how they are designated in the country, for the first time Let out the given model of the weapon or a cartridge. So, cartridges of the Mauser, the Automatic pistol, in All world are designated only in millimeters. Calibres designated in shares of inch, in Millimeters are not translated. Exception are cartridges of the Browning, to which The double designation, for example, 7,65mm and .32 auto is applied. The word auto, specifies on Accessory of a cartridge to an ammunition of the automatic weapon, at a designation of calibre Cartridge on pistols sometimes falls, and on the American cartridges and pistols, instead of It abbreviation ASR (AKP - Automatic the Colt a pistol) can be put. Калибр, как правило, обозначается вместе с дополнительными сведениями, которые в сочетании придают новый смысл слову "калибр" и как бы объединяют понятия "Calibre" и "Type of a cartridge". Thus, if earlier this word designated only diameter, now It quite particularly specifies this or that . It is impossible to make representation about a cartridge about which it is known, that its calibre is equal 9mm Or .38. And designations, for example, "9mm the Browning short", "9mm ", "9mm", ".38 Vincester", ".38 AKP" Are already quite concrete and. On numerical values they are identical, but is absolute as have Different length and the form of a sleeve. Now the form of a designation of calibres (or types of cartridges), is used also At which two numerical characteristics inform data on calibre and length of a sleeve. For Concrete definitions of some cartridges they appear sufficient. For example, a cartridge 9mm The browning short is designated as 9х17; 9mm the Automatic pistol - as 9х19, etc. About American Designations of cartridges it is necessary to tell, that they consist of two or three numbers. The first Is a calibre in the 100-th shares of the inch, the second - weight of a charge in гранах (1 gramm=0,0648 gram), the third - Weight of a bullet in гранах (for example, .38-40 or .44--40-200). In Russia before revolution 1917., calibres Were designated on an inch scale, the tenth shares of inch were accepted to a unit of measure, Named by lines. Thus calibre equal to three lines (a 3-linear rifle), Corresponded 0,3 inches, or 7,62mm. In the USSR the calibre was designated in millimeters. |
